MONGOLIA

COLLECTION FROM ENGLAND

COUNTRY INFORMATION

Local name: Mongol Uls
Capital: Ulaanbaatar
Government: mixed parliamentary/presidential
Currency: togrog/tugrik (MNT)
Official language: Khalkha Mongol 90%
Other languages spoken: Turkic, Russian
Religions: Buddhist Lamaist 50%, none 40%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%
Ethnic groups: Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1%
Famous people: Chinggis Khan

Brief History. The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis Khan they conquered a huge Eurasian empire. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and later came under Chinese rule. Thanks to the Soviet backing, Mongolia won its independence in 1921, and a Communist regime was installed in 1924. The ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won elections in 1990 and 1992, but was defeated by the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in the 1996 parliamentary election.

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